![]() When the gap is larger, the boards are often considered 'cleats' rather than sheathing thus rendering the crate unsheathed. The gap between boards would typically not be greater than the width of the sheathing boards. Typically when the gap between boards is greater than the distance required for expansion, the crate would be considered an open crate. ![]() There is no strict definition of an open crate as compared to a closed crate. The sheathing is typically gapped by at various distances. An Open Crate is one that (typically) uses lumber for sheathing. When lumber is used, gaps are often left between the boards to allow for expansion. A Closed Crate is one that is completely or nearly completely enclosed with material such as plywood or lumber boards. By far the most common are 'closed', 'open' and 'framed'. There are many variations of wooden crate designs. If removal of the sheathing results in no way of fastening the lumber around the edges of the container, the container would likely be termed a wooden box. If the sheathing (either plywood or lumber) can be removed, and a framed structure will remain standing, the container would likely be termed a crate. In this case, the container will typically be defined by how the edges and corners of the container are constructed. Both wooden crates and wooden boxes are constructed to contain unique items, the design of either a crate or box may use principles from both. Construction Īlthough the definition of a wooden crate, as compared to a wooden box, is clear, construction of the two often results in a container that is not clearly a crate or a box. The USDA Forest Service revised and expanded it in 1964 as the "Wood Crate Design Manual", Handbook 252. Plaskett was known for his extensive testing and defining of various components of transport packaging. Another early documented reference to a shipping crate in the United States is in a 1930 handbook, Technical Bulletin No. The technological solution was to pack enameled bathware into open crates, which allowed the shipment to be lighter and cheaper, the handlers to use more precautions knowing what merchandise was being shipped, and allowed the customer to inspect the purchase at arrival before opening it. Some manufacturers assumed that protecting the product in rugged crating would reduce their losses, however, they found that railroad and shipping workers would handle the crates much more roughly when in a heavy crate, and losses actually increased. Moving heavy products such as enamelled cast iron sinks, bath tubs, and lavatories was often done without any packaging prior to 1910, which lead to nearly 20% losses due to chipping of the enamel in shipping. Modern crates from the early 20th century demonstrate a very evolved technology already considering practical and economic considerations built into crate designs. Crates had been used for many years without a clear origin in documented history. ![]()
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